Advanced Workflow Examples

Export training data after generating features to reuse in different linking years

It is common to have a single training data set that spans two linked years, which is then used to train a model that is applied to a different set of linked years. For example, we have a training data set that spans linked individuals from the 1900 census to the 1910 census. We use this training data to predict links in the full count 1900-1910 linking run, but we also use this training data to link year pairs 1910-1920, 1920-1930, and 1930-1940.

When this training data set is used for the years it was derived from, the only columns necessary are the HISTIDs identifying the individuals in the data and the dependent variable (usually a boolean match column) for the model training. Features for the machine learning model generation are created from the source data available in the full count run.

However, when this training data set is used for other years, the program does not have access to the source full count files, and can’t generate the ML features from the given data. In this scenario, you would need to save a copy of the training_features and hh_training_features Spark tables to .csv so you can point to that in the other year pair runs, and indicate the use_potential_matches_features = true flag in both the training and hh_training sections of the configuration.

Example training data export with generated ML features

  1. Create a config file and put it in your hlink config directory.

  2. Launch the hlink program in interactive mode:

    hlink --conf=full_count_1900_1910 --cores 50 --executor_memory 50G

  3. Run the preprocessing and training link tasks:

    hlink $ run_all_steps preprocessing training

  4. Ask the program what the arguments for the csv command are:

    hlink $ ? csv
Writes a dataframe out to csv.
     Arg 1: dataframe
     Arg 2: path
     Arg 3 (optional): # of partitions

  5. Export the results using the csv command:

    hlink $ csv training_features /my/output/training_data_1900_1910_HLINK_FEATURES.csv

  6. Continue with other linking work you might need to do with this year pair, otherwise shut down the hlink framework for this pair of linking years:

    hlink $ q

  7. In the config file for the new year pairs (1910-1920, 1920-1930, etc.), point to this new file as your dataset, and set the use_training_data_features

    # config file for 1910-1920 linking run using the 1900-1910 training data with hlink-generated features
[training]

# more configs here...

dataset = "/path/to/training_data_1900_1910_HLINK_FEATURES.csv"
dependent_var = "match"

# This needs to be changed to `true` to use the features we just generated
use_training_data_features = true

# configs continue here...

  8. Launch the hlink program using your new config for the new year pair you want to link. Run your link tasks and export relevant data.

ML model exploration and export of lists of potential false positives/negatives in training data

hlink accepts a matrix of ML models and hyper-parameters to run train/test splits for you, and outputs data you can use to select and tune your models. You can see example training and hh_training configuration sections that implement this in the training and household training sections of the configuration documentation.

The model exploration link task also allows you to export lists of potential false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs) in your training data. This is calculated when running the train/test splits in the regular model exploration tasks if the output_suspicious_TD flag is true.

Example model exploration and FP/FN export workflow

  1. Create a config file that has a training and/or hh_training section with model parameters to explore. For example:

    [training]

independent_vars = ["race", "srace", "race_interacted_srace", "hits", "hits2", "exact_mult", "ncount", "ncount2", "region", "namefrst_jw","namelast_jw","namefrst_std_jw","byrdiff", "f_interacted_jw_f", "jw_f", "f_caution", "f_pres", "fbplmatch", "m_interacted_jw_m", "jw_m", "m_caution", "m_pres", "mbplmatch", "sp_interacted_jw_sp", "jw_sp", "sp_caution", "sp_pres", "mi", "fsoundex", "lsoundex", "rel", "oth", "sgen", "nbors", "county_distance", "county_distance_squared", "street_jw", "imm_interacted_immyear_caution", "immyear_diff", "imm"]

scale_data = false
dataset = "/path/to/training_data_1900_1910.csv"
dependent_var = "match"

# This would need to be changed to `true` in a run between other years if your
# source data years weren't identical to the linked years of your training data.
use_training_data_features = false

# VERY IMPORTANT if you want to output FPs/FNs
output_suspicious_TD = true

split_by_id_a = true
score_with_model = true
feature_importances = false
decision = "drop_duplicate_with_threshold_ratio"
param_grid = true
n_training_iterations = 10
model_parameters = [
    { type = "logistic_regression", threshold = [0.5], threshold_ratio = [1.0, 1.1]},
    { type = "random_forest", maxDepth = [5, 6, 7], numTrees = [50, 75, 100], threshold = [0.5], threshold_ratio = [1.0, 1.1, 1.2]}
]

# The chosen_model is the final selected model to use in the full count production
# run. This is where you would manually update your config after running model
# exploration and making decisions about your models and hyperparameters. This 
# section isn't used by the model exploration task.
chosen_model = { type = "logistic_regression", threshold = 0.5, threshold_ratio = 1.0 }

  2. Launch the hlink program in interactive mode:

    hlink --conf=full_count_1900_1910 --cores 50 --executor_memory 50G

  3. Run the preprocessing and model exploration link tasks:

    hlink $ run_all_steps preprocessing model_exploration

  4. Export the results of the train/test split runs to csv for further analysis. For training params, the results will be in the training_results table, and for hh_training in the hh_training_results table.

    hlink $ csv training_results /my/output/1900_1910_training_results.csv

  5. Export the potential FPs and FNs to csv. For training params, the results will be in the repeat_FPs and repeat_FNs tables, and for hh_training in the hh_repeat_FPs and hh_repeat_FNs tables.

    hlink $ csv repeat_FPs /my/output/1900_1910_potential_FPs.csv
hlink $ csv repeat_FNs /my/output/1900_1910_potential_FNs.csv

  6. Use your preferred methods to analyze the data you’ve just exported. Update the chosen_model in your configuration, and/or create new versions of your training data following your findings and update the path to the new training data in your configs.